AGM 2026 Chair Address & CEO Presentation
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
Australia: Perth, Western Australia
USA: Houston, Texas
METALLIUM LIMITED
ASX: MTM | OTCQX: MTMCF | MTLMY (ADR)
ENGAGE WITH THIS ANNOUNCEMENT ON INVESTORHUB: HERE
ASX Release 10 November 2026
2026 Annual General Meeting Addresses and Presentation
Metallium Limited (“Metallium” or the “Company”) (ASX: MTM; OTCQX: MTMCF; OTCQX ADR: MTLMY)
releases the following addresses to be delivered at the Company’s 2026 Annual General Meeting on 10
November 2026.
• Chairman’s address
• Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer’s address and presentation
The AGM presentation accompanies these addresses.
Dennis Wilkins
Company Secretary
This announcement has been authorised for release by the Board of Directors.
For further information, please contact:
Michael Walshe
Managing Director & CEO
Metallium Ltd
info@MetalliumInc.com
Andrew Keys
Investor Relations & Corporate Communications
Keys Thomas Associates
Andrew.keys@keysthomas.com
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ASX: MTM | OTCQX: MTMCF and MTLMY (ADR)
Address by the Chairman
John Hannaford
10 November 2026
Opening
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, fellow shareholders, and welcome to the 2026 Annual General Meeting of
Metallium. My name is John Hannaford, and it is my privilege to address you as Chairman.
I would like to welcome my fellow Directors, members of our executive team, our auditors, and all shareholders
joining us here today. Thank you for your continued support of the Company.
A challenging year on global markets
There is no doubt that 2026 has been a challenging year on global markets. Shifting trade policy, tariff uncertainty,
geopolitical tension and volatile capital flows have tested investor confidence, and junior and emerging
companies in the resources and processing sectors have felt that pressure acutely.
In that environment, the Board's focus has been clear: protect the balance sheet, stay disciplined on capital, and
keep executing on the strategy we set out to shareholders. I am pleased to report that we have done exactly
that.
A year of achievement
Despite those headwinds, this has been a year of many achievements for Metallium. We have strengthened our
team, deepened our relationships with some of the most significant names in global metals, secured non-dilutive
federal funding, and advanced Gator Point towards staged commercial deployment.
Each of these milestones moves us closer to our goal: becoming a leading innovator in metal recovery focusing
on precious, critical and defence metals.
Building our team and Board
A company is only as strong as its people, and this year we invested significantly in ours. We expanded our
technical team, giving us the capability to conduct testing in-house. That shortens our development cycles,
protects our intellectual property, and allows us to respond quickly to partner and customer requirements. We
have also built out our business development function to pursue the growing pipeline of commercial
opportunities.
At the executive level, we welcomed Ibrahim Ayoub as Chief Operating Officer, Tim Cooper as Chief Financial
Officer (CFO) and Matthew Trauber as CFO–USA. These high calibre appointees bring deep experience that will
be critical as we move from development into operations.
We also expanded the Board with the appointment of highly experienced director Kellie Benda, adding corporate,
financial & governance expertise to support the Company through its next phase of growth. On behalf of the
Board, I welcome all of our new colleagues.
Technology development
Technology is at the heart of Metallium, and this year we made significant progress in taking our Flash Joule
Heating (FJH) platform from the laboratory towards commercial scale.
Our expanded in-house testing capability has enabled us to advance processing routes for printed circuit boards
and other secondary feedstocks. Preliminary PCB pre-processing testwork has delivered recoveries above 90%
for copper, gold, silver, tin and palladium into mixed metal-bearing streams. These encouraging results support
the continued development of our integrated preprocessing and FJH flowsheet, with further validation,
optimisation and downstream product qualification underway.
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ASX: MTM | OTCQX: MTMCF and MTLMY (ADR)
We have also continued to strengthen and protect our intellectual property, with five invention disclosures filed
across reactor and processing innovations and patent applications in preparation. Our proprietary PCB pre-
processing methods and integrated flowsheet know-how are expanding Metallium’s IP portfolio beyond the
original Rice-licensed FJH technology, supporting scale-up at Gator Point and creating further opportunities for
future licensing.
Engagement with Tier 1 partners
During the year, we secured a binding PCB feedstock supply agreement with Glencore and a long-term offtake
agreement with Indium Corporation. Alongside our engagement with Vedanta, these relationships strengthen the
commercial foundations for our U.S. processing business and connect our technology development with
established participants in global metals markets.
More recently, our non-binding MOU with Traxys has broadened the opportunities to link feedstock sourcing,
product marketing and potential financing. Our focus is on translating this framework into definitive arrangements
that support staged growth at Gator Point. Building these commercial relationships is an essential part of
converting technical progress into a sustainable operating business.
Technology licensing
Technology licensing offers a significant opportunity to extend the reach of our platform while limiting the capital
Metallium needs to commit to each new application. Alongside our own processing operations, our strategy is
to generate revenue through engineering services, technology access and potential licence fees and royalties,
while retaining ownership of our proprietary reactor and process intellectual property.
Our agreement with Environmental Clean Technologies, or ECT, is an important first step in this strategy. Under
the 12-month R&D and engineering-services program, we have received an initial US$500,000 payment, and
ECT has reported MXene formation in its first two runs using our FJH platform at Gator Point. MXenes are
advanced two-dimensional materials with potential applications in energy storage, electronics, electromagnetic
shielding and defence.
This collaboration demonstrates how our reactor technology, engineering expertise and Texas infrastructure can
generate revenue while supporting the development of new applications. Longer-term licensing and royalty
arrangements with ECT remain subject to further agreement. We see considerable potential to build recurring
revenue from our technology and expertise alongside the growth of our metals processing business.
SBIR Phase I and Phase II grants
A further achievement was our progression from Phase I to Phase II of the U.S. Small Business Innovation
Research program. Following successful completion of Phase I, Flash Metals Texas was awarded a Phase II
contract through the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency, providing up to US$1 million in non-dilutive funding to
advance pilot-scale recovery of gallium and germanium from electronic waste at Gator Point. This support
recognises the technical progress achieved in Phase I and helps fund the engineering and validation required for
the next stage. It also reinforces the relevance of our work to U.S. priorities for secure domestic supplies of
critical and defence metals.
A strong market thematic
Looking beyond the volatility of the past year, the fundamentals underpinning our business have never been
stronger. The US critical metals onshoring thematic remains very strong. Governments and industry are
prioritising secure, domestic supply chains for the metals that underpin defence, advanced manufacturing,
electronics and the energy transition.
At the same time, metal prices across precious, critical and defence metals remain elevated. For a company
focused on recovering these metals from domestic secondary sources, this combination of policy support and
pricing creates a compelling opportunity.
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Outlook for 2027
Our priority for 2027 is to bring PCB processing at Gator Point into commercial operation. We are progressing
the planned 8,000-tonne-per-annum circuit, with initial PCB metal-product revenue conservatively anticipated in
the first half of calendar 2027 and staged ramp-up planned from the second half. Timing will depend on process
deployment, commissioning and customer product requirements.
Closing
In closing, I would like to thank our Executive team lead by Managing Director and CEO, Michael Walshe and the
entire Metallium team across Houston, Gator Point and Perth for their hard work and commitment through a
demanding year. I also thank my fellow Directors for their counsel and support.
Most of all, thank you to our shareholders for your continued belief in Metallium. We enter 2027 with a stronger
team, strong partners and a clear path to production, and the Board looks forward to updating you on our
progress.
We have also released a documentary, Inside Gator Point: Metallium’s People, Technology and Progress, offering
a behind-the-scenes look at our Texas facility and the team bringing our technology to life. We are grateful to
the shareholder who filmed it last month for their time and generous support. I encourage shareholders to watch
it on Metallium’s YouTube channel: https://youtu.be/b4Xj46gBbjw.
I will now hand over to Michael Walshe to present the Managing Director's address.
John Hannaford
Chairman
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ASX: MTM | OTCQX: MTMCF and MTLMY (ADR)
Address by the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
Michael Walshe
10 November 2026
Slide 1 2026 Annual General Meeting
Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. The past year has been difficult for shareholders, and I
understand and share the frustration with the share price and delays. Thank you for your continued support and
engagement with the Board and management. Economic and geopolitical uncertainty has also weighed on
investor appetite across the emerging technology and critical-metals sectors. Our January capital raising has
given us a strong balance sheet and the capacity to keep advancing the business through these conditions. Today
I will take you through the PCB opportunity, our progress at Gator Point and our priorities for the year ahead.
Slide 2 Our commercial focus
Our immediate commercial priority is processing printed circuit boards, or PCBs, recovered from electronic
waste, or e-waste, including computing and other electronic equipment. We are developing a route that combines
our proprietary preprocessing methods with Flash Joule Heating, or FJH, treatment of suitable material streams.
The next steps are staged equipment deployment, validation and customer qualification. Alongside this work, we
are developing wider FJH applications through customer-funded programs and partnerships. Successful PCB
operations could eventually provide another source of funding for that development.
Slide 3 The global PCB metals recovery opportunity
The attraction of PCBs is the valuable metals contained in a growing global base of electronic equipment. AI and
data-centre expansion add to that opportunity over time. PwC’s latest outlook, based on modelling by Oxford
Economics, forecasts approximately US$800 billion in annual global data-centre capital expenditure in 2026 and
US$31.6 trillion cumulatively over 2026–2050 under its central scenario.
These forecasts illustrate the scale of investment in digital infrastructure. Our focus is selected metal-rich boards
from end-of-life equipment, with feedstock availability dependent on equipment replacement, reuse, collection
and commercial sourcing.
Slide 4 The value inside data-centre hardware
These photos show the hardware behind that opportunity: large server boards, NVIDIA Tesla GPU cards and
chips. Our immediate focus is recovering metals such as copper, gold, silver and palladium. There may also be
a future opportunity in IT asset disposition, or ITAD, to harvest, test and resell suitable chips and components
before metals recovery, subject to condition and demand.
Slide 5 PCB processing Preprocessing IP and FJH
Over recent months, our team has engineered and tested a flowsheet for the highly variable mix of metals and
other materials in PCBs. Our proprietary preprocessing methods prepare and separate these into targeted
streams, with FJH applied to suitable fractions.
This integrated approach is designed to broaden feedstock access, improve recoveries and processing
economics, and capture more saleable products from each tonne. It also builds our own processing IP and
operating know-how around the Rice-licensed FJH foundation. Our ambition is a world-class PCB recovery
solution that offers a domestic alternative to offshore smelting. Integration, performance validation and product
qualification remain in progress.
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Slide 6 Encouraging preliminary PCB results
Our September quarterly reported preliminary recoveries above 90 per cent for copper, gold, silver, tin and
palladium in batched preprocessing testwork, which is extremely encouraging.
The distinction here is that these are recoveries into mixed metal-bearing streams. They do not yet establish
final recoveries into customer-qualified products across the complete process. Further testing, assay
reconciliation and downstream product qualification are continuing. The results are extremely encouraging and
support the next stage of validation, while the remaining work will establish the performance of the integrated
route.
Slide 7 From Rice licence to Texas operations
It is less than 30 months since the original Rice licence was announced in May 2024. We achieved the first
chlorine flash at Gator Point in December 2025, followed by extended testing and a three-reactor inert campaign
in the first half of 2026.
Since then, we have secured the ECT technology-services agreement, completed a multi-reactor chlorination
campaign and reported preliminary PCB results. The Traxys framework adds to our commercial work. During the
delays, we strengthened operating and finance leadership and intensified PCB flowsheet engineering. The lessons
from this period are guiding our next stage of delivery.
Slide 8 Gator Point capability built in Texas
The photograph shows Gator Point in October. The campus now provides an operating base for demonstration,
feedstock testing and engineering development. We have expanded the team and analytical capability alongside
the installed equipment.
Bringing this capability together allows us to test material, assess the results and refine the process at the same
location. It provides the foundation for staged deployment.
Slide 9 Multi-reactor chlorination campaign
In September, three FJH reactors operated together during a 12-hour chlorination campaign using material from
catalytic converters. We completed the campaign without a lost-time injury.
This was an engineering milestone in coordinated operation under reactive conditions. The operating data and
samples are informing further work on feed preparation, reactor settings and downstream collection. The
campaign provides evidence on the material and conditions tested, with optimisation and scale-up continuing.
Slide 10 Scaling new process technology
Commercial scale-up means making each processing step work reliably with the others. We need to understand
feedstock variability, integrate the equipment and controls, and demonstrate consistent operation over longer
campaigns. Products must then meet customer specifications.
That work takes time to complete properly. Each campaign helps us refine the operating conditions and identify
what needs to improve before the next stage. Our focus is on building repeatable performance, with the
engineering and evidence needed to support commercial deployment.
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Slide 11 Feedstock and downstream relationships
As reported in the September quarterly, the PCB supply base under binding arrangements was approximately
4,000 tonnes per annum, around half of the Stage 1 planning basis. This includes Glencore's approximately
2,400 tonnes for the 2026 contract term.
Our Indium Corporation offtake provides a downstream pathway for gallium, germanium and other specified
metals, with an initial ten-year term. These arrangements remain subject to their terms and product
requirements. The non-binding Traxys MOU extends our discussions across sourcing, product marketing and
potential financing, which I will cover shortly.
Slide 12 Flash Joule Heating
FJH uses rapid electrical heating with reaction chemistry tailored to the selected material. The overall process
starts with understanding and preparing the feed, then controlling the reaction and collecting the targeted
products. Customer qualification follows.
The technology can be applied to different materials, but each application needs its own flowsheet and operating
conditions. Our development work is directed at establishing those conditions and validating the resulting
products.
Slide 13 Developing the wider FJH platform
Beyond PCBs, our gallium and germanium program has progressed to a U.S. SBIR Phase II award of up to US$1
million, supporting pilot-scale recovery from electronic waste.
We have also reported proof-of-concept work on selected rare-earth mineral feeds and testwork on industrial
residues, including red mud. The wider opportunity includes tungsten-bearing materials and rare-earth magnet
scrap. Each application requires its own technical and commercial validation, which will guide where we commit
further development effort.
Slide 14 First technology-services revenue
The ECT agreement demonstrates a paid development role for Gator Point. We received the initial US$500,000
under a twelve-month R&D and engineering-services program, with total cash consideration of up to US$1.4
million, subject to its terms.
ECT has reported MXene formation in its first two runs using our FJH platform. The next stage is to improve
conversion, consistency and repeatability, and assess the material against customer requirements. This program
also demonstrates how customers can fund development of new applications. Any longer-term licensing and
royalty arrangements with ECT remain subject to further agreement.
Slide 15 Expanding our processing IP
Our IP portfolio is growing as we develop the technology. The Rice licence provides the foundation, while our
own work adds proprietary preprocessing methods, integrated flowsheet knowledge and reactor improvements.
We have filed five invention disclosures across reactor and processing innovations, with patent applications in
preparation. Work to protect the PCB flowsheet continues, alongside development of FJH Nexus. Protecting these
advances supports the value of both our processing business and potential future licensing opportunities.
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Slide 16 Traxys commercial framework
The Traxys MOU provides a framework to evaluate opportunities across the processing chain. These include
sourcing feedstock, potential tolling structures, product marketing and financing. Possible structures include
Traxys-owned or financed feedstocks, prepayments, inventory finance and equipment funding.
The framework is non-binding. It does not commit volumes, pricing, offtake, financing or investment. Our task
is to develop suitable opportunities into definitive transactions, subject to negotiation and the necessary
approvals.
Slide 17 PCB cash generation can support FJH growth
This slide explains how the two parts of our strategy can reinforce each other. Successful PCB processing could
generate cash to reinvest in the wider FJH portfolio, after meeting the operating business's costs, working capital
and equipment requirements.
That remains a strategic objective dependent on successful commercialisation and positive cash generation.
Alongside it, customer-funded programs such as ECT provide another way to advance technology development
and build applications for the platform.
Slide 18 Funding staged development
At 30 September 2026, we held A$50.7 million in cash and cash equivalents. We are staging equipment and
development expenditure around the commercial program.
Alongside our awarded SBIR Phase II funding, we are progressing more than 20 funding and strategic-support
opportunities in the United States and Canada. We are also evaluating offtake-linked prepayments, working capital
and equipment finance. Additional funding and financing remain subject to evaluation, approvals and definitive
agreements.
Slide 19 The next operating priorities
Our immediate priorities are to advance the integrated PCB flowsheet and Implementation Plan, and progress
staged equipment commissioning. The plan remains subject to final technical and commercial review and Board
approval.
We will continue reconciling recoveries and qualifying products, optimising reactors and delivering the ECT
program. In parallel, we are progressing feedstock, offtake and financing discussions.
Slide 20 PCB commercial outlook
In the first half of calendar 2027, we plan to progress staged installation, commissioning and operation of the
PCB circuit at Gator Point, combining preprocessing and FJH. Initial PCB metal-product revenue is conservatively
anticipated in that period, with a staged ramp-up from the second half.
Timing depends on deployment, commissioning and product requirements. We will continue to optimise metal
recoveries and feedstock sourcing through the ramp-up. ECT services revenue is separate from future PCB
product sales.
Slide 21 Thank you
We have made substantial progress at Gator Point. Our priority is to establish PCB processing, qualify products
and build commercial revenue while continuing to develop our wider technology portfolio.
I thank our team, our commercial and research partners, and shareholders for their support. Thank you for
joining us today. I welcome your questions.
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Michael Walshe
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer
Slide 22 Important information
Please read this presentation with our ASX announcements.
Forward looking statements
These addresses should be read with the accompanying AGM presentation and Metallium’s ASX announcements. Statements about
deployment, revenue timing, ramp-up, funding and licensing reflect current plans and involve risks and uncertainties. Outcomes may
differ materially because of technology scale-up, commissioning, feedstock variability, product qualification, financing, approvals and
commercial conditions. Preliminary results remain subject to validation; forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future
performance.
10 NOVEMBER 2026
2026 Annual General Meeting
ASX: MTM / OTCQX: MTMCF / ADR: MTLMY
Progress since our last AGM and the priorities ahead
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OUR COMMERCIAL FOCUS
Integrated PCB processing is the immediate priority at Gator Point
Sources: June- and September-quarter reports; 2026 Annual Report; strategic priorities
INTEGRATED PCB PROCESSING
Combine proprietary preprocessing IP with FJH treatment of suitable PCB fractions
to maximise the recovery of gold and other valuable metals from e-waste.
Progress staged deployment, operating validation and product qualification.
WIDER FJH APPLICATIONS
Apply the platform across critical metals and advanced materials.
Develop through customer-funded programs and partnerships, with potential
reinvestment from future PCB cash generation.
Our proprietary preprocessing IP complements FJH and expands Metallium's technology portfolio.
PCB: printed circuit board. FJH: Flash Joule Heating.
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PCBs: A GLOBAL METALS RECOVERY OPPORTUNITY
Growing electronics volumes and AI infrastructure support a significant, long-term recovery opportunity
Sources: ITU/UNITAR, Global E-waste Monitor 2024; PwC/Oxford Economics, Global Data Centre Outlook 2026–50 (2 Sep 2026; real USD at 2025 exchange rates).
62
82
2022 2030 forecast
GLOBAL E-WASTE (MILLION
TONNES/YEAR)
GLOBAL DATA-CENTRE CAPEX
~US$800bn
Forecast annual capex spend in 2026
US$31.6tn
Hardware deployment and replacement can expand the future electronics recycling
opportunity.
OUR TARGET
Selected metal-rich PCBs from end-of-life computing and electronic equipment.
E-waste data cover all equipment. Capex is not PCB market value. PCB feedstock depends on equipment life, reuse, collection and sourcing.
Cumulative capex 2026–2050 central
scenario
Nearly US$50tn in a faster AI-adoption scenario; outcomes depend on power, policy and
demand.
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THE VALUE INSIDE DATA-CENTRE HARDWARE
Metals recovery, with potential additional value from recovering reusable components
Sources: Supplied photographs; Umicore, E-scrap; NVIDIA, Tesla GPU Accelerators; Sims Lifecycle Services, IT Asset Recovery.
Datacentre server waste - Printed Circuit Boards Chips and electronic components
CORE METALS RECOVERY
Copper, Gold, Silver and Palladium
Metallium’s focus is selected end-of-life boards and
components.
Metal content per tonne typically orders of magnitude
higher than a typical mineral ore body
POTENTIAL UPSTREAM ITAD
OPPORTUNITY (FUTURE)
Harvesting, testing and resale of suitable chips and
components could capture additional value before
metals recovery.
ITAD = IT asset disposition. Illustrative hardware only. Reuse depends on condition, testing and market demand.
NVIDIA & TESLA GPUs
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PCB PROCESSING: PREPROCESSING IP + FJH
Designed to maximise metal recovery and value from electronic waste
Sources: June-quarter report, 30 July 2026; September-quarter report, 30 October 2026
PROPRIETARY PRE-
PROCESSING IP
Characterise, prepare and separate mixed
boards into targeted material streams.
FLASH JOULE HEATING
Apply feed-specific FJH treatment to suitable
selected fractions.
INTEGRATED RECOVERY
Maximise recoverable value across different
fractions and qualify metal-bearing products
+ =
Conceptual development pathway. Integration, performance validation and product qualification continue.
WHY DEVELOP A PROPRIETARY PRE-PROCESSING FLOWSHEET?
✓ Broaden feedstock access: handle variable PCB grades and compositions from a wider pool of suppliers
✓ Improve recovery & economics: optimise metal recovery and processing efficiency across the full flowsheet
✓ Capture additional value: recover more saleable products from each tonne processed
✓ Strengthen our IP: develop complementary process technology and proprietary operating know-how
COMBINE PROPRIETARY PRE-PROCESSING WITH FJH TO CREATE A WORLD-LEADING DIFFERENTIATED, INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR PCB METALS
RECOVERY
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HIGHLY ENCOURAGING PRELIMINARY PCB RESULTS
Published testwork supports the next stage of process validation
Source: September-quarter report, 30 October 2026
Above 90% recovery
PILOT-SCALE TESTWORK IS HIGHLY ENCOURAGING
ACROSS ALL VALUABLE METALS:
Copper
Gold
Silver
Tin
Palladium
Platinum
• Final recoveries into customer-
qualified products remain to be
established.
• Further testing, assay
reconciliation, optimisation and
downstream qualification
continue.
• Preliminary results relate to the
feedstocks and conditions tested.
into mixed metal-bearing streams &
saleable products
Primary Metal Targets:
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FROM RICE LICENCE TO TEXAS OPERATIONS
Less than 30 months of progress since the original licence was announced in May 2024
Sources: Rice licence announcement, 31 May 2024; 2026 Annual Report; ASX operational updates to 30 October 2026
Period Milestone What it established
May 2024 Rice University FJH licence announced Licensed foundation for developing metals-recovery applications.
December 2025 First chlorine flash at Gator Point Commissioning began, supported by an operational demonstration line.
May–June 2026 Extended and multi-reactor campaigns Three units operated together in a 12-hour inert campaign.
August 2026 ECT technology-services agreement A paid development program using Metallium's reactor platform and expertise.
September 2026 Multi-reactor chlorination campaign Three units operated under reactive conditions using catalytic converter feedstock.
October 2026 PCB results and Traxys framework Preliminary recovery results reported and a non-binding commercial MOU announced.
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GATOR POINT: CAPABILITY BUILT IN TEXAS
Anahuac, Texas is the centre of our testing, engineering and staged deployment
Sources: 2026 Annual Report; September-quarter report and campus updates
Gator Point Technology Campus, Anahuac, Texas. 21 October 2026.
OPERATING PLATFORM
Installed FJH equipment supports demonstration and
feedstock testing.
ENGINEERING CAPABILITY
Process control, materials handling and environmental
systems support scale-up.
PEOPLE AND ANALYTICAL
CAPACITY
Expanded engineering, operations and laboratory
capability support validation and deployment.
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MULTI-REACTOR CHLORINATION CAMPAIGN
A completed engineering milestone in the September quarter
Source: ASX announcement, 1 October 2026
3
FJH reactors
12h
campaign duration
0
lost-time injuries
Coordinated operation under reactive chlorination conditions using PGM-bearing catalytic converter
material.
Operating data and samples now inform feed preparation, reactor settings and downstream
collection.
Gator Point equipment and operating team
Commissioning evidence on the tested feedstock. Further optimisation and scale-up continue.
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SCALING NEW PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
Commercial readiness requires engineering, sustained operating performance and customer qualification
Sources: 2026 Annual Report; June- and September-quarter reports
Stage Work required Why it matters
Characterise feedstock Optimise complementary processing steps for variable materials Consistent recovery across representative feedstocks
Integrate the plant Connect reactors, materials handling, controls and environmental systems Safe, coordinated operation
Demonstrate repeat
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